{"id":899,"date":"2022-02-10T12:09:12","date_gmt":"2022-02-10T04:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sda.jcimalaysia.cc\/?post_type=sdg_goal&#038;p=899"},"modified":"2022-02-10T12:09:12","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T04:09:12","slug":"goal-14-life-below-water","status":"publish","type":"sdg_goal","link":"https:\/\/sda.jcimalaysia.cc\/sdg-goal\/goal-14-life-below-water\/","title":{"rendered":"GOAL 14: LIFE BELOW WATER"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The world\u2019s oceans \u2013 their temperature, chemistry, currents and life \u2013 drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Our rainwater, drinking water, weather, climate, coastlines, much of our food, and even the oxygen in the air we breathe, are all ultimately provided and regulated by the sea. Throughout history, oceans and seas have been vital conduits for trade and transportation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Careful management of this essential global resource is a key feature of a sustainable future. However, at the current time, there is a continuous deterioration of coastal waters owing to pollution and ocean acidification is having an adversarial effect on the functioning of ecosystems and biodiversity. This is also negatively impacting small scale fisheries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marine protected areas need to be effectively managed and well-resourced and regulations need to be put in place to reduce overfishing, marine pollution and ocean acidification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>The world\u2019s oceans \u2013 their temperature, chemistry, currents and life \u2013 drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counter balance the effects of climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. However, today we are seeing 30 percent of the world\u2019s fish stocks overexploited, reaching below the level at which they can produce sustainable yields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oceans also absorb about 30 percent of the carbon dioxide produced by humans, and we are seeing a 26 percent rise in ocean acidification since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Marine pollution, an overwhelming majority of which comes from land-based sources, is reaching alarming levels, with an average of 13,000 pieces of plastic litter to be found on every square kilometre of ocean.\/span&gt;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The SDGs aim to sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems from pollution, as well as address the impacts of ocean acidification. Enhancing conservation and the sustainable use of ocean-based resources through international law will also help mitigate some of the challenges facing our oceans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"view-goal-target\"><strong>View Goal Target<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution<\/li><li>By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans<\/li><li>Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels<\/li><li>By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics<\/li><li>By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information<\/li><li>By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation<\/li><li>By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism<\/li><li>Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries<\/li><li>Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets<\/li><li>Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"facts-figure\">Facts &amp; Figure&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Oceans cover three quarters of the Earth\u2019s surface, contain 97 per cent of the Earth\u2019s water, and represent 99 per cent of the living space on the planet by volume.<\/li><li>Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods.<\/li><li>Globally, the market value of marine and coastal resources and industries is estimated at $3 trillion per year or about 5 per cent of global GDP.<\/li><li>Oceans contain nearly 200,000 identified species, but actual numbers may lie in the millions.<\/li><li>Oceans absorb about 30 per cent of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of global warming.<\/li><li>Oceans serve as the world\u2019s largest source of protein, with more than 3 billion people depending on the oceans as their primary source of protein<\/li><li>Marine fisheries directly or indirectly employ over 200 million people.<\/li><li>Subsidies for fishing are contributing to the rapid depletion of many fish species and are preventing efforts to save and restore global fisheries and related jobs, causing ocean fisheries to generate US$50 billion less per year than they could.<\/li><li>Open Ocean sites show current levels of acidity have increased by 26 per cent since the start of the Industrial Revolution.<\/li><li>Coastal waters are deteriorating due to pollution and eutrophication. Without concerted efforts,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/observances\/oceans-day\/background\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0coastal eutrophication is expected to increase<\/a>\u00a0in 20 percent of large marine ecosystems by 2050.<\/li><li>Roughly\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/en\/natural-sciences\/ioc-oceans\/focus-areas\/rio-20-ocean\/blueprint-for-the-future-we-want\/marine-pollution\/facts-and-figures-on-marine-pollution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80per cent<\/a>\u00a0of marine and coastal pollution originates on land \u2013 including agricultural run-off, pesticides, plastics and untreated sewage.<\/li><li>Around the world,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unenvironment.org\/interactive\/beat-plastic-pollution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one million plastic drinking bottles are purchased every minute<\/a>, while up to 5 trillion single-use plastic bags are used worldwide every year<\/li><li>Around\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/2019\/09\/25\/srocc-press-release\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">680 million people live in low-lying coastal zones<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 that is expected to increase to a billion by 2050.<\/li><li>Sustainable and climate-resilient transport, including maritime transport, is key to sustainable development. Around\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unctad.org\/en\/Pages\/Publications\/Review-of-Maritime-Transport-(Series).aspx#:~:text=The%20Review%20of%20Maritime%20Transport,higher%20for%20most%20developing%20countries.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 per cent<\/a>\u00a0of the volume of international trade in goods is carried by sea, and the percentage is even higher for most developing countries<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/oceans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/oceans\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":900,"template":"","blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sda.jcimalaysia.cc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sdg_goal\/899"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sda.jcimalaysia.cc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sdg_goal"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sda.jcimalaysia.cc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/sdg_goal"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sda.jcimalaysia.cc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sda.jcimalaysia.cc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}